1. S₁: And then Gandhi came.
S₆: Political freedom took new shape then and acquired a new content then.

P: Get off the backs. of these peasants and workers, he told us, all you who live by their exploitation.
Q: He was like a powerful current of fresh air, like a beam of light, like a whirlwind that upset many things.
R: He spoke - their language and constantly drew their attention to their appalling conditions.
S: He didn't descend from the top, he seemed to emerge from the masses of India.

2. S₁: The Third Five - Year Plan ran into rough weather from the very start.
S₆: The government had to resort to devaluation of the rupee.

P: Large funds had to be diverted from development to defence.
Q: Food situation became critical and prices began to rise steep after the Indo - Pak conflict.
R: During this period, there was also the war with Pakistan in 1965.
S: There was the China War in 1962 which completely upset our economy.

3. S₁: Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14.
S₆: Exhibitions of photographs of Pandit Nehru showing his life time are also arranged in some schools.

P: He loved children.
Q: On this day, children take part in many activities.
R: Sports, music, drama and debates are arranged in schools.
S: That is why his birthday is celebrated as Children's Day.

4. S₁: If you want to do well in your examinations you need to be able to think for yourself which means not just following the guide - books but write what you think yourself.
S₆: If however you turn these ideas over in our mind accepting those which you agree with and fitting them into your stock of knowledge and rejecting the others you may get somewhere.

P: That will not help much.
Q: Few if any students do this.
R: By discussing things with other students, with your teachers, and with any intelligent people you meet you will find you can pick up a lot of new ideas but it'is no good first accepting these ideas, swallowing them undigested and then repeating them in the examinatioh.
S: At first you will find it difficult but if you go on trying you will find clear independent thought becomes easier.

5. S₁: Frozen foods are so popular today that many people wonder how they ever lived without them.
S₆: Now refrigerators and deep freezers preserve many foods that could not be kept any other way.

P: Near the North Pole, where the ground stays frozen all the year around, there is no problem ,of preserving foods.
Q: Actually, people who live in cool climates.have had frozen foods for a long time.
R: Ice helped them when they could get it, -but they couldn't get,it very often.
S: But people who live in warm climates have not always been able to keep food fi-esh.

6. S₁: The distinction between state or sovereign and government is developed by Rousseau with utmost exactness and accuracy.
S₆: Collectively, they may be called 'prence' or 'magistracy'.

P: While state denotes the community as a whole, created by social pact and manifesting itself in supreme general will, 'government' denotes merely the individual or group of individuals that is designated by the community to carry into effect the sovereign will.
Q: Government, to Rousseau, means executive power.
R: The individuals, to whom this power is assigned are the officers or the agents of the sovereign.
S: The goverrimeni is created not by any contract but by a decree of the sovereign, and its function is in no sense to make but e.ily to administer law.

7. S₁: Those are fortunate people who have good, true and faithful hiends.
S₆: It must be borne in mind that prosperity breeds and multiplies friends and adversity tests them.

P: It is a sacred attachment,or a bond of intimacy between two persons of a congenial mind.
Q: True friendship increases - our happiness in prosperity and diminishes our misery in adversity.
R: Friendship often . springs from similarity of taste, f~,elings and sentiments.
S: However, true friendship should be based on truth and such vices as selfishness, greed and falsehood should be kept out of it.

8. S₁: Anything you do that gives you some form of regular exercise will benefit your heart.
S₆: But do not push too hard; tune into the warning signals from your body.

P: In fact, never choose an activity just because it is good for you.
Q: By all means work up a good sweat, and even a thirst perhaps.
R: If you can, combine this with enjoyment, then so much' the better.
S: You will soon get bored of it.

9. S₁: Plastic containers are being used more and more to package soft drinks, milk, oil, fruit juices, ketchup, etc.
S₆: Yet as plastics do not decompose by bacteria or naturally in the air, they are a big threat to the environment.

P: Most people think that this is the right thing to do, as it is economical.
Q: Plastic containers are cheap and light.
R: It is easier to transport materials packaged in them than in glass bottles.
S: They also involve theleast transport costs.

10. S₁: Let me elaborate a little on what I mean by a properly channelled scientific approach.
S₆: And of course, there are soldiers, commandos, to say nothing of intelligence men, besides many others who do their bit to make a successful attack.

P: There are planners deciding the strategy.
Q: In a major war, there are several different operations involved.
R: There are complex issues involving kations between different commun nerve centres.
S: There are factories producing the required armaments.