1. S₁: After the firing that evening the street that used to be full of people was completely deserted.
S₆: I was so frightened that I ran for my life.

P: Nor were any windows open or lighted.
Q: Suddenly I detected a movement to my left.
R: There was no trace of any human being and all doors were firmly closed.
S: Surprisingly, even the stray dogs had disappeared.

2. S₁: India's non-alignment has not been an attitude of negative neutrality.
S₆: This policy has been accepted, if not actually appreciated by the leading powers of the world.

P: In other words, it is not an aloofness from or indifference to other nations.
Q: Instead, it has been an attitude of constructive neutrality.
R: On the contrary, India has been taking a keen interest in all international developments.
S: India wants the goodwill of all nations and is hostile towards none.

3. S₁: Primitive man was helpless and weak.
S₆: Thday the knowledge gained from science has armed him with superhuman strength.

P: He conceived of some divinity behing this.
Q: As ages passed, he began to think and to investigate nature's mysteries.
R: He bowed down before natural phenomena.
S: The flash of lightning, the clap of thunder struck him with awe.

4. S₁: And then Gandhi came.
S₆: Political freedom took new shape then and acquired a new content then.

P: Get off the backs. of these peasants and workers, he told us, all you who live by their exploitation.
Q: He was like a powerful current of fresh air, like a beam of light, like a whirlwind that upset many things.
R: He spoke - their language and constantly drew their attention to their appalling conditions.
S: He didn't descend from the top, he seemed to emerge from the masses of India.

5. S₁: Plastic containers are being used more and more to package soft drinks, milk, oil, fruit juices, ketchup, etc.
S₆: Yet as plastics do not decompose by bacteria or naturally in the air, they are a big threat to the environment.

P: Most people think that this is the right thing to do, as it is economical.
Q: Plastic containers are cheap and light.
R: It is easier to transport materials packaged in them than in glass bottles.
S: They also involve theleast transport costs.

6. S₁: The art of growing old is one which the passage of time has forced upon my attention.
S₆: This is not always easy; one's own past is a gradually increasing weight.

P: One of these is undue absorption in the past.
Q: One's thoughts must be directed to the future and to things about which there is something to be done.
R: Psychologically, there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age.
S: It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness -about friends who are dead.

7. S₁: Frozen foods are so popular today that many people wonder how they ever lived without them.
S₆: Now refrigerators and deep freezers preserve many foods that could not be kept any other way.

P: Near the North Pole, where the ground stays frozen all the year around, there is no problem ,of preserving foods.
Q: Actually, people who live in cool climates.have had frozen foods for a long time.
R: Ice helped them when they could get it, -but they couldn't get,it very often.
S: But people who live in warm climates have not always been able to keep food fi-esh.

8. S₁: Ms. Subramaniam started a petrol pump in Madras.
S₆: Thus she has shown the way for many others.

P: A total of twelve girls now work at the pump.
Q: She advertised in newspapers for women staff.
R: They operate in two shifts.
S: The response was good.

9. ₁: Religion is not a matter of mere dogmatic conformity.
S₆: A man of that character is free from fear, free from hatred.

P: It is not merely going through the ritual prescribed to us.
Q: It is not a question of ceremonial piety.
R: Unless that kind of transformation occurs, you are not an authentically religious man.
S: It is the remaking of your own self, the transformation of your nature.

10. S₁: If you want to do well in your examinations you need to be able to think for yourself which means not just following the guide - books but write what you think yourself.
S₆: If however you turn these ideas over in our mind accepting those which you agree with and fitting them into your stock of knowledge and rejecting the others you may get somewhere.

P: That will not help much.
Q: Few if any students do this.
R: By discussing things with other students, with your teachers, and with any intelligent people you meet you will find you can pick up a lot of new ideas but it'is no good first accepting these ideas, swallowing them undigested and then repeating them in the examinatioh.
S: At first you will find it difficult but if you go on trying you will find clear independent thought becomes easier.