1. S₁: Primitive man was helpless and weak.
S₆: Thday the knowledge gained from science has armed him with superhuman strength.

P: He conceived of some divinity behing this.
Q: As ages passed, he began to think and to investigate nature's mysteries.
R: He bowed down before natural phenomena.
S: The flash of lightning, the clap of thunder struck him with awe.

2. S₁: The city is almost a slum and stinks most of the time.
S₆: But some visitors came away with the unforgettable sight of young labourers scantily clad.

P: The slush on the road did not deter them.
Q: The occasional slips and falls were considered a small price to pay for the trip.
R: They were excited, fascinated by the sight of fresh snow on the road.
S: Even so, it looked beautiful to tourists of various categories.

3. S₁: Frozen foods are so popular today that many people wonder how they ever lived without them.
S₆: Now refrigerators and deep freezers preserve many foods that could not be kept any other way.

P: Near the North Pole, where the ground stays frozen all the year around, there is no problem ,of preserving foods.
Q: Actually, people who live in cool climates.have had frozen foods for a long time.
R: Ice helped them when they could get it, -but they couldn't get,it very often.
S: But people who live in warm climates have not always been able to keep food fi-esh.

4. S₁: India's non-alignment has not been an attitude of negative neutrality.
S₆: This policy has been accepted, if not actually appreciated by the leading powers of the world.

P: In other words, it is not an aloofness from or indifference to other nations.
Q: Instead, it has been an attitude of constructive neutrality.
R: On the contrary, India has been taking a keen interest in all international developments.
S: India wants the goodwill of all nations and is hostile towards none.

5. S₁: Ms. Subramaniam started a petrol pump in Madras.
S₆: Thus she has shown the way for many others.

P: A total of twelve girls now work at the pump.
Q: She advertised in newspapers for women staff.
R: They operate in two shifts.
S: The response was good.

6. S₁: The distinction between state or sovereign and government is developed by Rousseau with utmost exactness and accuracy.
S₆: Collectively, they may be called 'prence' or 'magistracy'.

P: While state denotes the community as a whole, created by social pact and manifesting itself in supreme general will, 'government' denotes merely the individual or group of individuals that is designated by the community to carry into effect the sovereign will.
Q: Government, to Rousseau, means executive power.
R: The individuals, to whom this power is assigned are the officers or the agents of the sovereign.
S: The goverrimeni is created not by any contract but by a decree of the sovereign, and its function is in no sense to make but e.ily to administer law.

7. S₁: The Third Five - Year Plan ran into rough weather from the very start.
S₆: The government had to resort to devaluation of the rupee.

P: Large funds had to be diverted from development to defence.
Q: Food situation became critical and prices began to rise steep after the Indo - Pak conflict.
R: During this period, there was also the war with Pakistan in 1965.
S: There was the China War in 1962 which completely upset our economy.

8. S₁: Of course, it is silly to try to overcome fears that keep us from destroying ourselves.
S₆: The only fears you need to avoid are silly fears which prevent you from doing what you should do.

P: This is sensible.
Q: You wait until it is out of the way before crossing.
R: You need some fears to keep you from doing foolish things.
S: You are afraid of an automobile coming rapidly down the street you wish to cross.

9. S₁: Anything you do that gives you some form of regular exercise will benefit your heart.
S₆: But do not push too hard; tune into the warning signals from your body.

P: In fact, never choose an activity just because it is good for you.
Q: By all means work up a good sweat, and even a thirst perhaps.
R: If you can, combine this with enjoyment, then so much' the better.
S: You will soon get bored of it.

10. S₁: Plastic containers are being used more and more to package soft drinks, milk, oil, fruit juices, ketchup, etc.
S₆: Yet as plastics do not decompose by bacteria or naturally in the air, they are a big threat to the environment.

P: Most people think that this is the right thing to do, as it is economical.
Q: Plastic containers are cheap and light.
R: It is easier to transport materials packaged in them than in glass bottles.
S: They also involve theleast transport costs.