1. S₁: Moncure Conway devoted his life to two great objects : freedom of thought, and freedom of the individual.
S₆: Unless a vigorous and vigilant public opinion can be aroused in defence of them, there will be much less of both a hundred years hence than there is now.

P: They threaten both kinds of freedom.
Q: But something also has been lost.
R: There are now dangers, somewhat different in form'from those of the past ages.
S: In regard to both these objects, something has been gained since his time.

2. S₁: Just as some men like to play football or tennis, so some men like to climb mountains.
S₆: You look down and see the whole country below you.

P: This is often very difficult to do, for mountains are not just big hills.
Q: Paths are usually very steep, and some mountain sides are straight up and down, so that it may take many hours to climb as little as one hundred feet.
R: There is always the danger that you may fall off and be killed or injured.
S: Men talk about conquering a mountain, and the wonderful feeling it is to reach the top of a mountain after climbing for hours and may be, even for days.

3. S₁: For a conversation to be stimulating and sustained, the participants must be active talkers as well as active listeners.
S₆: Its better to paint the big picture first, and if your partner wantsto know more, you can always fill in with details.

P: This is usually unnecessary, confusing and even boring to your partner.
Q: Some people feel that they have to give long - winded explanations of their views.
R: Make a point of throwing the conversational ball to the other person after you have presented your ideas in an abridged form.
S: Be sure to do both in conversation.

4. S₁: Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14.
S₆: Exhibitions of photographs of Pandit Nehru showing his life time are also arranged in some schools.

P: He loved children.
Q: On this day, children take part in many activities.
R: Sports, music, drama and debates are arranged in schools.
S: That is why his birthday is celebrated as Children's Day.

5. S₁: Those are fortunate people who have good, true and faithful hiends.
S₆: It must be borne in mind that prosperity breeds and multiplies friends and adversity tests them.

P: It is a sacred attachment,or a bond of intimacy between two persons of a congenial mind.
Q: True friendship increases - our happiness in prosperity and diminishes our misery in adversity.
R: Friendship often . springs from similarity of taste, f~,elings and sentiments.
S: However, true friendship should be based on truth and such vices as selfishness, greed and falsehood should be kept out of it.

6. S₁: We don't see many banyan trees in our cities now-a- days.
S₆: And every village has at least one.

P: But in our overcrowded cities, where there is barely enough living space for people, banyan trees don't have much of a chance.
Q: These trees like to have plenty of space in which to spread themselves out.
R: Of course, many parks have banyan trees.
S: After all, a full grown banyan takes up as large an area as a three-storey apartment building.

7. S₁: The Third Five - Year Plan ran into rough weather from the very start.
S₆: The government had to resort to devaluation of the rupee.

P: Large funds had to be diverted from development to defence.
Q: Food situation became critical and prices began to rise steep after the Indo - Pak conflict.
R: During this period, there was also the war with Pakistan in 1965.
S: There was the China War in 1962 which completely upset our economy.

8. S₁: Ms. Subramaniam started a petrol pump in Madras.
S₆: Thus she has shown the way for many others.

P: A total of twelve girls now work at the pump.
Q: She advertised in newspapers for women staff.
R: They operate in two shifts.
S: The response was good.

9. S₁: And then Gandhi came.
S₆: Political freedom took new shape then and acquired a new content then.

P: Get off the backs. of these peasants and workers, he told us, all you who live by their exploitation.
Q: He was like a powerful current of fresh air, like a beam of light, like a whirlwind that upset many things.
R: He spoke - their language and constantly drew their attention to their appalling conditions.
S: He didn't descend from the top, he seemed to emerge from the masses of India.

10. S₁: The art of growing old is one which the passage of time has forced upon my attention.
S₆: This is not always easy; one's own past is a gradually increasing weight.

P: One of these is undue absorption in the past.
Q: One's thoughts must be directed to the future and to things about which there is something to be done.
R: Psychologically, there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age.
S: It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness -about friends who are dead.