1. S₁: If you want to do well in your examinations you need to be able to think for yourself which means not just following the guide - books but write what you think yourself.
S₆: If however you turn these ideas over in our mind accepting those which you agree with and fitting them into your stock of knowledge and rejecting the others you may get somewhere.

P: That will not help much.
Q: Few if any students do this.
R: By discussing things with other students, with your teachers, and with any intelligent people you meet you will find you can pick up a lot of new ideas but it'is no good first accepting these ideas, swallowing them undigested and then repeating them in the examinatioh.
S: At first you will find it difficult but if you go on trying you will find clear independent thought becomes easier.

2. S₁: Once upon a time an ant lived on the bank of a river.
S₆: She was touched.

P: The dove saw the ant struggling in water in a helpless condition.
Q: All its efforts to come up failed.
R: One day it. suddenly slipped into the water.
S: A dove lived in a tree on the bank not far from the spot.

3. S₁: Forecasting the weather has always been a difficult business.
S₆: He made his forecasts by watching flights of the birds or the way smoke rose from fire.

P: During a period of drought, streams and rivers dried up, the cattle died from thirst and the crops were ruined.
Q: Many different things affect the weather and we have to study them carefully to make an accurate forecast.
R: Ancient Egyptians had no need of this- weather in the Nile valley hardly ever changes.
S: In early times, when there were no instruments, such as thermometer or the barometer, man looked for tell-tale signs in the sky.

4. S₁: For a conversation to be stimulating and sustained, the participants must be active talkers as well as active listeners.
S₆: Its better to paint the big picture first, and if your partner wantsto know more, you can always fill in with details.

P: This is usually unnecessary, confusing and even boring to your partner.
Q: Some people feel that they have to give long - winded explanations of their views.
R: Make a point of throwing the conversational ball to the other person after you have presented your ideas in an abridged form.
S: Be sure to do both in conversation.

5. S₁: When you meet someone and discover areas of common interest and experience, you gain building blocks to develop a deeper relationship.
S₆: This creates a sense of familiarity and indicates your interest in discussing the topic further and sharing your ideas.

P: This gives you and your partner an opportunity to decide if you would like to get to know one another better.
Q: Remember, much of the point of conversation is to discuss different topics and experiences in order to find a common bond.
R: So, when you discover a connection, tell your partner right away.
S: If you have enough in common, then hopefully you will want to see each other again to share common interests.

6. S₁: The Egyptian tomb was not only a resting place for the mummy but also a house for the dead man's spirit or double-his Ka.
S₆: Friends and relatives had to keep bringing it things and doing things for it all the time.

P: In that sense, it was quite human and didn't relish being forgotten.
Q: It ate there and drank there, and there it had all its earthly wants supplied
R: The Ka passed much of its life in the tomb.
S: It did there the things the dead man had done in life.

7. S₁: The city is almost a slum and stinks most of the time.
S₆: But some visitors came away with the unforgettable sight of young labourers scantily clad.

P: The slush on the road did not deter them.
Q: The occasional slips and falls were considered a small price to pay for the trip.
R: They were excited, fascinated by the sight of fresh snow on the road.
S: Even so, it looked beautiful to tourists of various categories.

8. S₁: The art of growing old is one which the passage of time has forced upon my attention.
S₆: This is not always easy; one's own past is a gradually increasing weight.

P: One of these is undue absorption in the past.
Q: One's thoughts must be directed to the future and to things about which there is something to be done.
R: Psychologically, there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age.
S: It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness -about friends who are dead.

9. ₁: Religion is not a matter of mere dogmatic conformity.
S₆: A man of that character is free from fear, free from hatred.

P: It is not merely going through the ritual prescribed to us.
Q: It is not a question of ceremonial piety.
R: Unless that kind of transformation occurs, you are not an authentically religious man.
S: It is the remaking of your own self, the transformation of your nature.

10. S₁: The distinction between state or sovereign and government is developed by Rousseau with utmost exactness and accuracy.
S₆: Collectively, they may be called 'prence' or 'magistracy'.

P: While state denotes the community as a whole, created by social pact and manifesting itself in supreme general will, 'government' denotes merely the individual or group of individuals that is designated by the community to carry into effect the sovereign will.
Q: Government, to Rousseau, means executive power.
R: The individuals, to whom this power is assigned are the officers or the agents of the sovereign.
S: The goverrimeni is created not by any contract but by a decree of the sovereign, and its function is in no sense to make but e.ily to administer law.