1. S₁: We may consider the political privileges of citizenship.
S₆: Under a dictatorship, people cannot choose their own representatives to run the government and the rights of voting and contesting are denied to them.

P: This gives the citizen the pleasant feeling that he has a share in the administration of his country.
Q: In addition, he may himself stand as a candidate for election to any office of the republic to which he belong.
R: A citizen usually enjoys the right of voting of election to public bodies, and of holding public offices.
S: These advantages are of course only enjoyed by citizens under a democratic system of government.

2. S₁: Obesity is a curse of modem times.
S₆: This is because today's changed life styles often mean less physical exertion and an over indulgence in unhealthy food.

P: As a result, what is lost is the natural goodness of roughage and important nutrients.
Q: Invariably, fat and sugar which cause obesity are added to make food more palatable.
R: In these days, food gets more refined and cooking methods are more intricate.
S: Therefore, there are more obese people today than ever before.

3. S₁: Mr. Ford, it is commonly reported, once declared that history was "bunk'.
S₆: And the American's conception of his own country as the representative of freedom and of democracy is the product of history as popularly taught and conceived over there.

P: Yet the American, generally speaking, is by no means ignorant of history or uninfluenced by his knowledge of it.
Q: This remarkable utterance of his, if indeed he made it, was in itself an outcome of history.
R: The Americans know more about our history than we know about theirs, though I hope that will soon be remedied.
S: Such contempt for all things past, and such engaging frankness , in expressing it were themselves the outcome of the social history of the United States in the 19th century.

4. S₁: Rammohan Roy was associated with several newspapers.
S₆: Rarnmohan Roy even addressed a petition to the Mng-in-Council in England.

P: Many educationists protested vigorously against these measures.
Q: But this came to grief soon after the enactment in 1823, of new measures for the control of the press.
R: He brought out a bilingual, Bengali- English magazine.
S: Later, desiring an all - India circulation, he published a weekly in Persian, which was recognised then as the language of the cultured classes all over India.

5. S₁: Reena went shopping one morning.
S₆: She drove home with an empty shopping basket.

P: Disappointed she turned around and returned to the parking lot.
Q: She got out and walked to the nearest shop.
R: She drove her car into the parking lot and stopped.
S: It was there that she realised that she'd forgotten her purse at home.

6. S₁: There is nothing strange in the fact that so many foreign students should wish to learn English.
S₆: This key will open to him whatever is valuable in the literature of the world.

P: If any valuable book is written in another language, an English translation of it is sure to be speedily published.
Q: Anyone who masters the English tongue acquires a key.
R: Most books found to be generally useful are written in English.
S: The English speaking people want no monopoly of knowledge.

7. S₁: Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death.
S₆: Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea and painlessly lose their individual being.

P: An individual human existence should be like a river-small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.
Q: In the young there is a justification for this feeling.
R: Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best thing that life has to offer.
S: But in the old man who has known human joys and sorrows, the fear of death is somewhat object and ignoble, and the best way to overcome it is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal.

8. S₁: In 1857, fighting broke out all over the country.
S₆: The Rani's troops fought back bravely.

P: Everywhere the people rose in rebellion.
Q: In March 1858 British troops attacked the fort at Jhansi.
R: Thousands of people were killed on both sides.
S: The British fought back.

9. S₁: Gandhiji had a vast amount of daily business to transact.
S₆: His practite on this point is something that is characteristic of the Indian tradition.

P: Yet Gandhiji was never too busy to withdraw temporarily from business affairs for recurrent periods of contemplation.
Q: Under present day conditions, that is the fate of any leader of any great movement.
R: In setting apart those times for contemplation Gandhiji was being true, not only to himself, but to India.
S: If he had not made this his practice, he would not, I suppose, have been able to go on doing his business, because his spells of contemplation were the source of his inexhaustible strength.

10. S₁: Smoke oozed up between the planks.
S₆: Most people bore the shock bravely.

P: Passengers were told to be ready to quit the ship.
Q: The rising gale fanned the smouldering fire.
R: Every one now knew there was a fire on board.
S: Flames broke out here and there.