1. S₁: The study of speech disorders due to brain injury suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language.
S₆: How they manage to do this we do not know.

P: But they succeed in playing games of chess.
Q: Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objects presented to them.
R: They can even use the concepts needed for chess playing, though they are unable to express many of the concepts in ordinary language.
S: They even find it difficult to interpret long written notices.

2. S₁: While on a fishing trip last surnmer, I watched an elderly man fishing off the edge of a dock.
S₆: Cheerfully, the old man replied "Small frying pan."

P: "Why didn't you keep the other big ones?" I aksed.
Q: He caught an enormous trout, but apparently not satisfied with its size, he threw it back into the war.
R: He finally caught a small pike. threw it into his pail, and, smilin, happily, prepared to live.
S: Amazed, I watched him repeat this performance.

3. S₁: The earliest reference to' the playing card has been found in China, as long ago, as the tenth century.
S₆: The current pack of 52 cards was only regulated in the seventeenth century.

P: They appeared in Italy around 1320.
Q: Long before that the Chinese used paper money which was similar in design to the playing cards.
R: It is believed that perhaps travelling gypsies introduced them to Europe.
S: In olden days cards were used both for telling fortune and playing games.

4. S₁: Love for the country is a necessity.
S₆: God created the globe, but man drew lines on it to demarcate countries and sow the seeds of hatred and enmity on it.

P: But it should in no way exceed the limits and take the shape of jingoism.
Q: Similarly nationalism has to be sacrificed at the altar of internationalism.
R: There is no reason why the nations of the world cannot treat , one another as belonging to one family of nations.
S: Provincialism has to be sacrificed in the interest of the nation as a whole.

5. S₁: Smoke oozed up between the planks.
S₆: Most people bore the shock bravely.

P: Passengers were told to be ready to quit the ship.
Q: The rising gale fanned the smouldering fire.
R: Every one now knew there was a fire on board.
S: Flames broke out here and there.

6. S₁: Your letter was a big relief.
S₆: But don't forget to bring chocolate for Geeta.

P: How did your exams go?
Q: After your result, you must come here for a week.
R: You hadn't written for over a month.
S: I am sure you will come out with flying colours.

7. S₁: There is a touching story of Professor Hardy visiting Ramanujan as he lay desperately ill in hospital at Putney.
S₆: It is the lowest number that can be expressed in two different ways as the sum of two cubes."

P: "No Hardy, that is not a dull number in the very least.
Q: Hardy, who was a very shy man, could not find the words for his distress.
R: It was 1729.
S: The best he could do, as he got to the bedside was : "I say, Ramanujan,, I thought the number of the taxi I came down in was a very dull number.

8. S₁: A man handed a pair of trousers to the departmental store-clerk and said, "I'd like these altered, please".
S₆: Triumphantly he put the trousers and the receipt on the counter and said, "I'd like to have these altered, please."

P: He said that free alteration is not possible without a receipt.
Q: The man said, "Okay, I'd like to return the trousers". The clerk took them back and returned his money.
R: The man*pushed the money and, said, "Now I want to buy them". The clerk put the trousers in a bag, issued a receipt and handed him both.
S: The clerk -asked for the sales receipt but after searching his pockets the man replied that he had lost it.

9. S₁: Mr. Ford, it is commonly reported, once declared that history was "bunk'.
S₆: And the American's conception of his own country as the representative of freedom and of democracy is the product of history as popularly taught and conceived over there.

P: Yet the American, generally speaking, is by no means ignorant of history or uninfluenced by his knowledge of it.
Q: This remarkable utterance of his, if indeed he made it, was in itself an outcome of history.
R: The Americans know more about our history than we know about theirs, though I hope that will soon be remedied.
S: Such contempt for all things past, and such engaging frankness , in expressing it were themselves the outcome of the social history of the United States in the 19th century.

10. S₁: We may consider the political privileges of citizenship.
S₆: Under a dictatorship, people cannot choose their own representatives to run the government and the rights of voting and contesting are denied to them.

P: This gives the citizen the pleasant feeling that he has a share in the administration of his country.
Q: In addition, he may himself stand as a candidate for election to any office of the republic to which he belong.
R: A citizen usually enjoys the right of voting of election to public bodies, and of holding public offices.
S: These advantages are of course only enjoyed by citizens under a democratic system of government.