1. S₁: In the present day it is not necessary that generals or great officers should fight with their own hands, because it is their duty to direct the movements of their followers.
S₆: Robert Bruce was so remarkably active and powerful that he came through manypersonal dangers.

P: But in the ancient times, kings and great lords were obliged to put themselves into the very front.
Q: Therefore, it was of great consequence that they should be strong men and dexterous in the use of their arms.
R: The artillery and the soldiers shoot at the enemy, and men seldom mingle and fight hand to hand.
S: They fought like ordinary men with the lance and other weapons.

2. S₁: Why then, do sharks attack?
S₆: Attacks of this kind may be generated by a, swimmer who unwitting~y interrupts a courting procedure, trespasses in a shark's territory and cuts off its escape route.

P: "The only way s shark can warn you is with its mouth and teeth," says Baldridge.
Q: In murky water it may simply be a case of mistaken identity.
R: Snork bumps and open - mouthed slashings are ways of trying to frighten you off.
S: But the most persuasive explanation is that they perceive their victim as a threat.

3. S₁: Ingratitude stings strongest where relationship is closest.
S₆: From any warm and healthy human relationship expectation of returns has to be weeded out.

P: Expectation turns innocent relationship into commerce.
Q: Human relationship is adulterated with sly commerce.
R: In commerce, of course, give and take is understood.
S: Most relationships are founded on mutual expectations.

4. S₁: Urban problems differ from State to State and city to city.
S₆: There is no'underground drainage system in- most cities, and the narrow historical roads are already congested.

P: Most of the cities have neither water nor the required pipelines,
Q: The population in these cities has grown beyond , the planners' imagination.
R: However, certain basic problems are common to all cities.
S: Only broad macro - planning was done for such cities, without envisaging the future growth, and this has failed to meet the requirements.

5. S₁: Useful human beings are divided into two classes : those whose work is work and pleasure is pleasure; and those whose work and pleasure are one.
S₆: For them the working hours are never long enough.

P: The long hours in the office or factory give them keen appetite for pleasure even in its most modest forms.
Q: Their life is a natural harmony.
R: Of these the former are in majority.
S: But Fortune's favoured children belong to the second class.

6. S₁: Man has existed for about a million years.
S₆: What its future effects will be is a matter. of conjecture, but possibly a study of its effects hitherto may make the conjecture a little less hazardous.

P: Science' as a dominant factor in determining the beliefs of educated men, has existed for about 300 years; as a source of economic technique, for about 150 years.
Q: When we consider how recently it has risen to power, we find ourselves forced to believe that we are at the very beginning of its work in transforming human life.
R: In this brief period it has proved itself an incredibly powerful revolutionary force.
S: He has possessed writing for about 6,000 years, agriculture somewhat longer, but perhaps not much longer.

7. S₁: Gandhi's first political fast was made soon after his return from Africa.
S₆: He did not. fast against the mill owners, but in order to strengthen the determination of the strikers.

P: He had also received help from this man's sister.
Q: This was when the poor labourers of the cotton mills of Ahmedabad were on strike.
R: He was a friend of the largest mill owner.
S: Gandhi had made the strikers promise to remain on strike until the owners agreed to accept the decision of an arbitrator.

8. S₁: Politeness is not a quality possessed by only one nation or race.
S₆: In any case, we should not mock at other's habits.

P: One may observe that a man of one nation will remove his hat or fold his hands by way of greetings when he meets someone he knows.
Q: A man of another country will not do so.
R: It is a quality to be found among all peoples and nations in every corner of the earth.
S: Obviously, each person follows the custom of his particular country.

9. S₁: While talking to a group, one should feel self- confident and courageous.
S₆: Any man can develop his capacity if he has the desire to do so.

P: Nor is it a gift bestowed by providence on only a few.
Q: One should also learn how to think calmly and clearly.
R: It is like the ability to play golf.
S: It is not as difficult as most men imagine.

10. S₁: Different countries show different patterns of growth.
S₆: Compared to this in Europe the growth rate is low.

P: Many, others have a high birth rate with a low death rate.
Q: Some have a high birth rate and still have a high death rate.
R: The developing countries show the most rapid growth rate.
S: Some others like the European nations, have a low birth rate and a low death rate.