1. S₁: Man has existed for about a million years.
S₆: What its future effects will be is a matter. of conjecture, but possibly a study of its effects hitherto may make the conjecture a little less hazardous.

P: Science' as a dominant factor in determining the beliefs of educated men, has existed for about 300 years; as a source of economic technique, for about 150 years.
Q: When we consider how recently it has risen to power, we find ourselves forced to believe that we are at the very beginning of its work in transforming human life.
R: In this brief period it has proved itself an incredibly powerful revolutionary force.
S: He has possessed writing for about 6,000 years, agriculture somewhat longer, but perhaps not much longer.

2. S₁: The domestic cat is a contradiction in itself
S₆: Hence it has won such a reputation for obedience and loyalty.

P: But the adult pet dog also sees its human family as the dominant members of the pack.
Q: Nursed in kittenhood it develops extraordinary intimacy with mankind.
R: The dog, like the pet cat, sees its owners as pseudo - parents.
S: At the same time, however, the cat continues to retain its independence.

3. S₁: The real cause for the rise and fall of the sea level was not known to men for a long time.
S₆: So they concluded that the Moon and the tide are connected in some way.

P: They found out that the Moon is a satellite and it travels a regular path around the Earth. I
Q: As time passed and knowledge increased, men began to learn more about the heaven and the stars and the planets.
R: They noticed that the Moon rose each day about an hour later than it rose the day defore and the peak of the high tide also comes about an hour later each day.
S: Some imagined that the Earth itself was Alive and the rising and falling of the tide was caused by the breathing of the Earth's big body.

4. S₁: Ingratitude stings strongest where relationship is closest.
S₆: From any warm and healthy human relationship expectation of returns has to be weeded out.

P: Expectation turns innocent relationship into commerce.
Q: Human relationship is adulterated with sly commerce.
R: In commerce, of course, give and take is understood.
S: Most relationships are founded on mutual expectations.

5. S₁: A certain young man was entrusted to the care of a teacher.
S₆: The teacher asked him to wait.

P: This dullard will come to grief if L send him away without a single lesson, thought the teacher.
Q: He was so dull of mind that he could not, even in three months, time, learn as much as a single lesson.
R: The young man came to ask the teacher's permission to go home.
S: It's my business to provide a good education to my pupils, to get on in life.

6. S₁: I put the phone down and shook my head in bewilderment.
S₆: And finally a half-drunk groundduty officer has the sense to put his runaway lights on in time to save me.

P: Then I am taken in tow by some moonlighting hare-brain with a passion for veteran aircraft, flying his own Mosquito through the night who happens to spot me.
Q: What a night, what an incredible night!
R: Then I get lost and short of fuel.
S: First I lose my radio and all my instruments.

7. S₁: The Hound of Baskervilles was feared by the people of the area.
S₆: The Hound of Baskervilles remains an unsolved mystery.

P: Some people spoke of seeing a huge, shadowy form of a hound at midnight on the moor.
Q: But they spoke of it in tones of horror.
R: Nobody had actually seen the hound.
S: This shadowy form did not reveal any details about the animal.

8. S₁: In the present day it is not necessary that generals or great officers should fight with their own hands, because it is their duty to direct the movements of their followers.
S₆: Robert Bruce was so remarkably active and powerful that he came through manypersonal dangers.

P: But in the ancient times, kings and great lords were obliged to put themselves into the very front.
Q: Therefore, it was of great consequence that they should be strong men and dexterous in the use of their arms.
R: The artillery and the soldiers shoot at the enemy, and men seldom mingle and fight hand to hand.
S: They fought like ordinary men with the lance and other weapons.

9. S₁: The path of Venus lies inside, the path of the Earth.
S₆: When at, its brightest, it, is easily seen with the naked eye in broad daylight.

P: When at its farthest from the Earth, Venus is 160 million miles away.
Q: With such a wide range between its greatest and least distances it is natural that at sometimes Venus appears much brighter than others.
R: No other body ever comes so near the Earth, with the exception of the.Moon and an occasional comet or asteroid.
S: When Venus is at its nearest to the Earth, it is only 26 million miles away.

10. S₁: Most of the perishable foods are shipped by refrigerator ships.
S₆: Ripe bananas are poor travellers and even one ripe banana at the start of the trip can spoil a whole ship load of fruit.

P: They are placed in the refrigerated hold of the ship.
Q: Some foods, such as bananas, are shipped before they get ripe.
R: As the green bananas are loaded, a man watchbs closely the signs of yellow on them.
S: The cool temperatures keep the bananas from getting ripe during the trip.