1. S₁: While talking to a group, one should feel self- confident and courageous.
S₆: Any man can develop his capacity if he has the desire to do so.

P: Nor is it a gift bestowed by providence on only a few.
Q: One should also learn how to think calmly and clearly.
R: It is like the ability to play golf.
S: It is not as difficult as most men imagine.

2. S₁: At the age of four, Jagdish Chandra Bose was sent to a village 'pathshala'.
S₆: His mother, too, reinforced what he learnt and did at school.

P: This step proved beneficial to the boy, for he thus became familiar with his mother tongue and learnt to read and write it.
Q: This was very unusual because -a man of his father's status was expected to send his son' to an English school.
R: He also became acquainted with some of the rich treasures of Indian culture.
S: At the same time he mixed with children of all castes and lost the sense of class superiority.

3. S₁: Most of the perishable foods are shipped by refrigerator ships.
S₆: Ripe bananas are poor travellers and even one ripe banana at the start of the trip can spoil a whole ship load of fruit.

P: They are placed in the refrigerated hold of the ship.
Q: Some foods, such as bananas, are shipped before they get ripe.
R: As the green bananas are loaded, a man watchbs closely the signs of yellow on them.
S: The cool temperatures keep the bananas from getting ripe during the trip.

4. S₁: The Hound of Baskervilles was feared by the people of the area.
S₆: The Hound of Baskervilles remains an unsolved mystery.

P: Some people spoke of seeing a huge, shadowy form of a hound at midnight on the moor.
Q: But they spoke of it in tones of horror.
R: Nobody had actually seen the hound.
S: This shadowy form did not reveal any details about the animal.

5. S₁: Production of c6ins starts with the buying of unmixed metals and their testing by the Assay Department.
S₆: The blanks are heated to soften them, then rolled so that the rim is raised, and are stamped with the design of the coin.

P: These ingots are reheated until the temperature is hot enough f6r hot rolling.
Q: During this stage, the ingots pass through a series of rollers until they form long, thin sheets which are the thickness of a coin.
R: From these thin strips, blank discs are punched.
S: Then the metals are alloyed in oil fired or electric arc furnaces, and cast into ingots 40 cm wide, 15 cm thick and 6 m long.

6. S₁: The 'age of computers' is considered to have begun in 1946.
S₆: And now it is difficult to find a field where computers are not used.

P: Those early computers were huge and heavy affairs, with problems of speed and size.
Q: It was only with the introduction of electronics that the computers really came of age.
R: But computers were in use long before that.
S: They had several rotating shafts and gears which almost always doomed them to slow operation.

7. S₁: Most people know that economics deals with such items as population, natural resources, incomes, tariffs, money and prices.
S₆: From this view, human behaviour is seen as activity directed towards the achievement of various objectives through the use of various resources.

P: Instead, it is how it organises and analyses its materials; it is the perspective from which it views the world that makes it a special field of study.
Q: However, it is not what economics deals with that makes it a distinctive science.
R: Indeed, the list of topics can be greatly extended.
S: Economics is a particular view of reality.

8. S₁: The real cause for the rise and fall of the sea level was not known to men for a long time.
S₆: So they concluded that the Moon and the tide are connected in some way.

P: They found out that the Moon is a satellite and it travels a regular path around the Earth. I
Q: As time passed and knowledge increased, men began to learn more about the heaven and the stars and the planets.
R: They noticed that the Moon rose each day about an hour later than it rose the day defore and the peak of the high tide also comes about an hour later each day.
S: Some imagined that the Earth itself was Alive and the rising and falling of the tide was caused by the breathing of the Earth's big body.

9. S₁: A certain young man was entrusted to the care of a teacher.
S₆: The teacher asked him to wait.

P: This dullard will come to grief if L send him away without a single lesson, thought the teacher.
Q: He was so dull of mind that he could not, even in three months, time, learn as much as a single lesson.
R: The young man came to ask the teacher's permission to go home.
S: It's my business to provide a good education to my pupils, to get on in life.

10. S₁: Urban problems differ from State to State and city to city.
S₆: There is no'underground drainage system in- most cities, and the narrow historical roads are already congested.

P: Most of the cities have neither water nor the required pipelines,
Q: The population in these cities has grown beyond , the planners' imagination.
R: However, certain basic problems are common to all cities.
S: Only broad macro - planning was done for such cities, without envisaging the future growth, and this has failed to meet the requirements.