1. S₁: Progress and success are attained in slow degrees.
S₆: However, we must realise the truth that perfection is attained in slow proportions to the amount of labour put in by us.

P: But slow progress makes us grow impatient, disheartened and discouraged.
Q: The general tendency is to find fault with the system.
R: It is for this reason that people condemn and criticise the government.
S: People expect miracles and nothing short of a magical transformation can convince them.

2. S₁: For some time in his youth, Abraham Lincoln was manager of a shop.
S₆: Never before had Lincoln had so much time for reading as he had then.

P: Then a chance customer would come.
Q: Young Lincoln's way of keeping shop was entirely unlike anyone else's.
R: Lincoln would jump up and attend to his needs and then revert to his needs.
S: He used to lie full length on the counter of the shop eagerly reading a book.

3. S₁: Different countries show different patterns of growth.
S₆: Compared to this in Europe the growth rate is low.

P: Many, others have a high birth rate with a low death rate.
Q: Some have a high birth rate and still have a high death rate.
R: The developing countries show the most rapid growth rate.
S: Some others like the European nations, have a low birth rate and a low death rate.

4. S₁: While talking to a group, one should feel self- confident and courageous.
S₆: Any man can develop his capacity if he has the desire to do so.

P: Nor is it a gift bestowed by providence on only a few.
Q: One should also learn how to think calmly and clearly.
R: It is like the ability to play golf.
S: It is not as difficult as most men imagine.

5. S₁: Urban problems differ from State to State and city to city.
S₆: There is no'underground drainage system in- most cities, and the narrow historical roads are already congested.

P: Most of the cities have neither water nor the required pipelines,
Q: The population in these cities has grown beyond , the planners' imagination.
R: However, certain basic problems are common to all cities.
S: Only broad macro - planning was done for such cities, without envisaging the future growth, and this has failed to meet the requirements.

6. S₁: A certain young man was entrusted to the care of a teacher.
S₆: The teacher asked him to wait.

P: This dullard will come to grief if L send him away without a single lesson, thought the teacher.
Q: He was so dull of mind that he could not, even in three months, time, learn as much as a single lesson.
R: The young man came to ask the teacher's permission to go home.
S: It's my business to provide a good education to my pupils, to get on in life.

7. S₁: Ingratitude stings strongest where relationship is closest.
S₆: From any warm and healthy human relationship expectation of returns has to be weeded out.

P: Expectation turns innocent relationship into commerce.
Q: Human relationship is adulterated with sly commerce.
R: In commerce, of course, give and take is understood.
S: Most relationships are founded on mutual expectations.

8. S₁: Of the various kinds of insect defences that of the North American fungus - eating beetle is quite unusual.
S₆: The beetle's chemical secretion keeps the deer mouse at bay.

P: Both ants as well as mammals such as deermice feed on this beetle.
Q: This little beetle is able to recognize the kind of predator coming towards it and accordingly adopts a suitable defence.
R: When facing a deermouse, the beetle secretes an irritant from certain glands in its abdomen.
S: While the beetle simply rolls itself into a compact ball in the face of an ant attack, it copes with the deer mouse differently.

9. S₁: The Hound of Baskervilles was feared by the people of the area.
S₆: The Hound of Baskervilles remains an unsolved mystery.

P: Some people spoke of seeing a huge, shadowy form of a hound at midnight on the moor.
Q: But they spoke of it in tones of horror.
R: Nobody had actually seen the hound.
S: This shadowy form did not reveal any details about the animal.

10. S₁: Widowhood in India used to be specially miserable.
S₆: Today nobody looks upon remarriage of widows with disgust or disapproval.

P: There were widows even in ages ranging from five to ten.
Q: A widow was a widow always.
R: However, several communities began to rebel against the illtreatment of widows.
S: She could not marry ugain however tender in age she might be.