1. S₁: Hungary, with a population of about ten million, lies between Czechoslovakia to the north and Yugoslavia to the south.
S₆: The new industries derive mainly from agricultural production.

P: Here a great deal of grain is grown.
Q: In recent years, however, progress has been made also in the field of industrialisation.
R: Most of this country consists of an extremely fertile plain, through which the river Danube flows.
S: In addition to grain, the plain produces potatoes, sugar, wine and livestock.

2. S₁: Man has existed for about a million years.
S₆: What its future effects will be is a matter. of conjecture, but possibly a study of its effects hitherto may make the conjecture a little less hazardous.

P: Science' as a dominant factor in determining the beliefs of educated men, has existed for about 300 years; as a source of economic technique, for about 150 years.
Q: When we consider how recently it has risen to power, we find ourselves forced to believe that we are at the very beginning of its work in transforming human life.
R: In this brief period it has proved itself an incredibly powerful revolutionary force.
S: He has possessed writing for about 6,000 years, agriculture somewhat longer, but perhaps not much longer.

3. S₁: Widowhood in India used to be specially miserable.
S₆: Today nobody looks upon remarriage of widows with disgust or disapproval.

P: There were widows even in ages ranging from five to ten.
Q: A widow was a widow always.
R: However, several communities began to rebel against the illtreatment of widows.
S: She could not marry ugain however tender in age she might be.

4. S₁: Ingratitude stings strongest where relationship is closest.
S₆: From any warm and healthy human relationship expectation of returns has to be weeded out.

P: Expectation turns innocent relationship into commerce.
Q: Human relationship is adulterated with sly commerce.
R: In commerce, of course, give and take is understood.
S: Most relationships are founded on mutual expectations.

5. S₁: During the Middle Ages the manufacture of cloth was divided amongst a number of associations of skilled workers who performed different operations required ih its production.
S₆: This was one of the reasons why the industry flourished in such rich countries as Flanders, Italy and Britain.

P: But the association of skilled workers lacked capital to buy it.
Q: Consequently, he began to assume the role of ther employer.
R: With the mechanisation of these operations, complicated apparatus became necessary for economic production.
S: The banker, therefore, stepped in to finance the industrialisation of these operations.

6. S₁: Production of c6ins starts with the buying of unmixed metals and their testing by the Assay Department.
S₆: The blanks are heated to soften them, then rolled so that the rim is raised, and are stamped with the design of the coin.

P: These ingots are reheated until the temperature is hot enough f6r hot rolling.
Q: During this stage, the ingots pass through a series of rollers until they form long, thin sheets which are the thickness of a coin.
R: From these thin strips, blank discs are punched.
S: Then the metals are alloyed in oil fired or electric arc furnaces, and cast into ingots 40 cm wide, 15 cm thick and 6 m long.

7. S₁: Gandhi's first political fast was made soon after his return from Africa.
S₆: He did not. fast against the mill owners, but in order to strengthen the determination of the strikers.

P: He had also received help from this man's sister.
Q: This was when the poor labourers of the cotton mills of Ahmedabad were on strike.
R: He was a friend of the largest mill owner.
S: Gandhi had made the strikers promise to remain on strike until the owners agreed to accept the decision of an arbitrator.

8. S₁: A certain young man was entrusted to the care of a teacher.
S₆: The teacher asked him to wait.

P: This dullard will come to grief if L send him away without a single lesson, thought the teacher.
Q: He was so dull of mind that he could not, even in three months, time, learn as much as a single lesson.
R: The young man came to ask the teacher's permission to go home.
S: It's my business to provide a good education to my pupils, to get on in life.

9. S₁: Politeness is not a quality possessed by only one nation or race.
S₆: In any case, we should not mock at other's habits.

P: One may observe that a man of one nation will remove his hat or fold his hands by way of greetings when he meets someone he knows.
Q: A man of another country will not do so.
R: It is a quality to be found among all peoples and nations in every corner of the earth.
S: Obviously, each person follows the custom of his particular country.

10. S₁: While talking to a group, one should feel self- confident and courageous.
S₆: Any man can develop his capacity if he has the desire to do so.

P: Nor is it a gift bestowed by providence on only a few.
Q: One should also learn how to think calmly and clearly.
R: It is like the ability to play golf.
S: It is not as difficult as most men imagine.