1. S₁: Why then, do sharks attack?
S₆: Attacks of this kind may be generated by a, swimmer who unwitting~y interrupts a courting procedure, trespasses in a shark's territory and cuts off its escape route.

P: "The only way s shark can warn you is with its mouth and teeth," says Baldridge.
Q: In murky water it may simply be a case of mistaken identity.
R: Snork bumps and open - mouthed slashings are ways of trying to frighten you off.
S: But the most persuasive explanation is that they perceive their victim as a threat.

2. S₁: Ingratitude stings strongest where relationship is closest.
S₆: From any warm and healthy human relationship expectation of returns has to be weeded out.

P: Expectation turns innocent relationship into commerce.
Q: Human relationship is adulterated with sly commerce.
R: In commerce, of course, give and take is understood.
S: Most relationships are founded on mutual expectations.

3. S₁: At the age of four, Jagdish Chandra Bose was sent to a village 'pathshala'.
S₆: His mother, too, reinforced what he learnt and did at school.

P: This step proved beneficial to the boy, for he thus became familiar with his mother tongue and learnt to read and write it.
Q: This was very unusual because -a man of his father's status was expected to send his son' to an English school.
R: He also became acquainted with some of the rich treasures of Indian culture.
S: At the same time he mixed with children of all castes and lost the sense of class superiority.

4. S₁: Useful human beings are divided into two classes : those whose work is work and pleasure is pleasure; and those whose work and pleasure are one.
S₆: For them the working hours are never long enough.

P: The long hours in the office or factory give them keen appetite for pleasure even in its most modest forms.
Q: Their life is a natural harmony.
R: Of these the former are in majority.
S: But Fortune's favoured children belong to the second class.

5. S₁: The path of Venus lies inside, the path of the Earth.
S₆: When at, its brightest, it, is easily seen with the naked eye in broad daylight.

P: When at its farthest from the Earth, Venus is 160 million miles away.
Q: With such a wide range between its greatest and least distances it is natural that at sometimes Venus appears much brighter than others.
R: No other body ever comes so near the Earth, with the exception of the.Moon and an occasional comet or asteroid.
S: When Venus is at its nearest to the Earth, it is only 26 million miles away.

6. S₁: Human ways of life have steadily changed.
S₆: During the last few years change has been even more rapid than usual.

P: From that time to this, civilisation has always been changing.
Q: About ten thousand years ago, man lived entirely by hunting.
R: Ancient Egypt -Greece - the Roman Empire - the Dark Ages and the Middle Ages - the Renaissance the age of modem science and of modern nations - one has succeeded the other; and history has never stood still.
S: A settled, civilised life began only when agriculture was discovered.

7. S₁: Man has existed for about a million years.
S₆: What its future effects will be is a matter. of conjecture, but possibly a study of its effects hitherto may make the conjecture a little less hazardous.

P: Science' as a dominant factor in determining the beliefs of educated men, has existed for about 300 years; as a source of economic technique, for about 150 years.
Q: When we consider how recently it has risen to power, we find ourselves forced to believe that we are at the very beginning of its work in transforming human life.
R: In this brief period it has proved itself an incredibly powerful revolutionary force.
S: He has possessed writing for about 6,000 years, agriculture somewhat longer, but perhaps not much longer.

8. S₁: In the present day it is not necessary that generals or great officers should fight with their own hands, because it is their duty to direct the movements of their followers.
S₆: Robert Bruce was so remarkably active and powerful that he came through manypersonal dangers.

P: But in the ancient times, kings and great lords were obliged to put themselves into the very front.
Q: Therefore, it was of great consequence that they should be strong men and dexterous in the use of their arms.
R: The artillery and the soldiers shoot at the enemy, and men seldom mingle and fight hand to hand.
S: They fought like ordinary men with the lance and other weapons.

9. S₁: Gandhi's first political fast was made soon after his return from Africa.
S₆: He did not. fast against the mill owners, but in order to strengthen the determination of the strikers.

P: He had also received help from this man's sister.
Q: This was when the poor labourers of the cotton mills of Ahmedabad were on strike.
R: He was a friend of the largest mill owner.
S: Gandhi had made the strikers promise to remain on strike until the owners agreed to accept the decision of an arbitrator.

10. S₁: For some time in his youth, Abraham Lincoln was manager of a shop.
S₆: Never before had Lincoln had so much time for reading as he had then.

P: Then a chance customer would come.
Q: Young Lincoln's way of keeping shop was entirely unlike anyone else's.
R: Lincoln would jump up and attend to his needs and then revert to his needs.
S: He used to lie full length on the counter of the shop eagerly reading a book.